The lovely tale of Liquor
during Lockdown and before
At every stage, addiction is driven by one of the most powerful, mysterious, and
vital forces of human existence. What drives addiction is longing —
a longing not just of brain, belly, or loins but finally of the heart.
Cornelius Platinga
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The use of alcohol in India for drinking purposes dates back to somewhere between 3000 and 2000 BC. An alcoholic beverage called Sura which was distilled from the rice was popular at that time in India for common men to unwind at the end of a stressful day. . Yet the first mention of Alcohol appears in Rig Veda (1700BC). It mentions intoxicants like soma and prahamana. Although the soma plant might not exist today, it was famous for delivering a euphoric high. It was also recorded in the Samhita, the medical compendium of Sushruta that he who drinks soma will not age and will be impervious to fire, poison, or weapon attack. The sweet juice of Soma was also said to help establish a connection with the gods. Such was the popularity of alcohol. Initially used for medicinal purposes, with time it evolved and became the beverage that brought life to social gatherings, and eventually consuming alcohol has become a habit for many.
With such a rich history of not just humans but also of the gods,
what is a worldwide pandemic to stop anybody from drinking?
. . .
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According to a report released by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2018, an average Indian drinks approximately 5.7 liters of alcohol every year. In a population of casual and excessive drinkers, with the shutters of liquor stores down, it must have been extremely difficult for “certain” people to survive lockdown. In the first two phases of lockdown, the desperation had quadrupled prices of alcohol in the Grey Market of India. Also, According to Google Trends, online searches for “how to make alcohol at home” peaked in India during the fourth week of March, which was the same when the lockdown was announced. As a consequence, a few people died drinking home-brewed liquor. People committed suicide due to alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Owing to the worsening situation and to reboot the economy, some states decided to open licensed liquor stores in the third phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown in India. This decision was the worst best decision the state governments could take. The kilometer-long queues in front of liquor stores were evidence that a pandemic can turn your life upside down yet your relationship with alcohol cannot move an inch.
The love in the hearts of those who are addicted was explicit. We might have seen addiction, we might have witnessed desperation but what happened in the month of May was madness, not just in terms of the way people pounced but also in the way the government earned. According to a report by Hindustan Times, on the first day of the third phase of Lockdown, the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh recorded a sale of over Rs 100 Crore from liquor. On the second day of the reopening of Liquor stores, Karnataka reported sales of 197 crores in a single day which was the largest ever. Eventually, the prices of Liquor were hiked to 100% to discourage people from drinking.
. . .
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There was a special corona fee that was imposed in Delhi by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal. A 70% corona fee was imposed in Delhi, yet the sales did not drop. The entire situation was a disaster for the law enforcement officers, social distancing was easily abandoned and a basic code of conduct was happily violated. Despite the chaos created, the states continued to collect revenues. Home delivery of alcohol was allowed in Maharashtra and e-tokens were sold in Delhi.
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Demand for liquor is inelastic which means that
the sale of alcohol is not much responsive to change in prices.
In general, since alcohol policy is a state subject in India, revenue from Liquor is a cash cow for state governments. In 2018 and 2019, four states collectively collected about 20,000 crores in taxes from the sale of liquor. As much as the state earns from the sale of Liquor it is undoubtedly, a threat to the Economy. Consumption of alcohol has dire health consequences. When a person consumes an alcoholic beverage, there is a rise in BAC because of which there is a gradual and progressive loss of driving ability because of an increase in reaction time, overconfidence, degraded muscle coordination, impaired concentration, and decreased auditory and visual acuity. This is known as drunken driving. (V. M. Anantha Eashwar, 2020) Drunken driving is the third biggest cause of road accidents and over speeding in India. Road accidents are not it; alcoholism causes sleep problems, heart, and liver issues. Also, it is not about an individual’s life, it ruins the lives of all people concerned.
Addiction also causes economic loss. In 2000, Vivek Benegal and his team assessed 113 patients admitted to a special de-addiction service for alcohol dependence. They found that
the average individual earned a mean of ₹1,661 but
spent ₹1,938 per month on alcohol, incurring high debt.
They also found that 95% did not work for about 14 days in a month. They concluded that it led to a loss of ₹13,823 per person per year in terms of foregone productivity. A more recent study, Health Impact and Economic Burden of Alcohol Consumption in India, led by Gaurav Jyani, concluded that alcohol-attributable deaths would lead to a loss of 258 million life-years between 2011 and 2050. The study placed the economic burden on the health system at $48.11 billion, and the societal burden (including health costs, productivity loss, and so on) at $1,867 billion. “This amounts to an average loss of 1.45% of the gross domestic product (GDP) per year to the Indian economy,” the study said. (Mint, 2020)
Setho ka Gaon
With each passing day, the ‘curtain of separation’ weighs down on the women of Afghanistan, paving the way for tyranny to thrive.
Arth
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A MEME-ED MANIFESTO
Urvi Sikri
The word ‘meme’ was first coined by Richard Dawkins to explain the spread of cultural information. In its original form, a meme is “a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols or practices” – they have been called cultural analogues to genes because they too mutate and self-replicate. This is a pre-internet conception: Dawkins has now argued that Internet memes (which are image macros that all of us are familiar with) are also, at the very base of it, the same idea; differing only in the sense that they leave a digital footprint and hence are analysable. Internet memes, at the current level of their penetration onto the world wide web, are inescapable pixels that represent this Internet epoch of viral marketing, instant and excessive information sharing, and even protest culture.
The scope of this particular piece, however, will not grapple with the historicity of memes or its impact on our socio-cultural-behavioural reality. As the Internet breaks with Sassy Socialist Memes, Comrade Lenin’s Dank Meme Stash, Leftist Memes for New Democratic Teens, Full Communism Dank Meme Stash, I attempt here to present to you an exposition of “dank memes”; category: Marx.
The following are some memes retrieved from this “dank stash”:
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Source: Sassy Socialist Memes (Facebook)
Subculture: Literary memes
This meme illuminates the concept of “planned obsolescence”: design a product such that it does not last for a long time, thus increasing the volume of sales by necessitating repeated purchases. Though not explicitly talked about by Marx, since this emerged as a business practice only in the 1920s, Marxist economists have written extensively about how this strategy is a natural extension of the profit motive of the capitalist class.
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Source: Philosophical Desi Memes (Instagram)
Subculture: Indian “desi” memes/ Bollywood memes
Using a still from an Akshay Kumar movie (possibly Phir Hera Pheri), this meme directly does the job of your local librarian – read Marx’s Capital Volume 2 to understand the circulation of capital and the accumulation process.
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Source: Sassy Socialist Memes (Facebook)
Subculture: Simpsons
This meme speaks of acquisitive nature, an analytical feature of capitalism. Greed, acquisitiveness and the sermon of “More Is Better” are deemed as a natural characteristic of human beings – Marx demystifies this in his writings – the capitalist motive to accumulate is not based on instinct, but is the driving motive to appropriate more and more wealth in the abstract.
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Source: Leftist Memes because reading Das Kapitol is hard (Facebook)
Currents in global politics, commentary, and student dissent also gain audience via the proliferation of such meme pages. The above meme comments on Ellen’s friendship with George W Bush: she has been called out for hanging out with a war criminal and someone who is vocal about his anti-LGBT sentiments, her justification is considered inadequate, and the word on the Internet is: the bourgeoise will historically unite even if they claim to be from varying political spectrums.
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Source: Socialist Memes for Proletarian Teens
All formats and subcultures of memes have now been injected with a satirical Marxist twist. The above meme seems to demonstrate the (un)seriousness of the memetic class struggle – the “left” is relegated to an Internet trend. Marx remains immortal on the Internet, albeit as entertainment for our clickbait generation.
But it cannot be denied that this subculture also enlightens the meme-consumer and producer in Marx’s theoretical formulations. After all:
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