The lovely tale of Liquor
during Lockdown and before
At every stage, addiction is driven by one of the most powerful, mysterious, and
vital forces of human existence. What drives addiction is longing —
a longing not just of brain, belly, or loins but finally of the heart.
Cornelius Platinga
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The use of alcohol in India for drinking purposes dates back to somewhere between 3000 and 2000 BC. An alcoholic beverage called Sura which was distilled from the rice was popular at that time in India for common men to unwind at the end of a stressful day. . Yet the first mention of Alcohol appears in Rig Veda (1700BC). It mentions intoxicants like soma and prahamana. Although the soma plant might not exist today, it was famous for delivering a euphoric high. It was also recorded in the Samhita, the medical compendium of Sushruta that he who drinks soma will not age and will be impervious to fire, poison, or weapon attack. The sweet juice of Soma was also said to help establish a connection with the gods. Such was the popularity of alcohol. Initially used for medicinal purposes, with time it evolved and became the beverage that brought life to social gatherings, and eventually consuming alcohol has become a habit for many.
With such a rich history of not just humans but also of the gods,
what is a worldwide pandemic to stop anybody from drinking?
. . .
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According to a report released by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2018, an average Indian drinks approximately 5.7 liters of alcohol every year. In a population of casual and excessive drinkers, with the shutters of liquor stores down, it must have been extremely difficult for “certain” people to survive lockdown. In the first two phases of lockdown, the desperation had quadrupled prices of alcohol in the Grey Market of India. Also, According to Google Trends, online searches for “how to make alcohol at home” peaked in India during the fourth week of March, which was the same when the lockdown was announced. As a consequence, a few people died drinking home-brewed liquor. People committed suicide due to alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Owing to the worsening situation and to reboot the economy, some states decided to open licensed liquor stores in the third phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown in India. This decision was the worst best decision the state governments could take. The kilometer-long queues in front of liquor stores were evidence that a pandemic can turn your life upside down yet your relationship with alcohol cannot move an inch.
The love in the hearts of those who are addicted was explicit. We might have seen addiction, we might have witnessed desperation but what happened in the month of May was madness, not just in terms of the way people pounced but also in the way the government earned. According to a report by Hindustan Times, on the first day of the third phase of Lockdown, the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh recorded a sale of over Rs 100 Crore from liquor. On the second day of the reopening of Liquor stores, Karnataka reported sales of 197 crores in a single day which was the largest ever. Eventually, the prices of Liquor were hiked to 100% to discourage people from drinking.
. . .
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There was a special corona fee that was imposed in Delhi by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal. A 70% corona fee was imposed in Delhi, yet the sales did not drop. The entire situation was a disaster for the law enforcement officers, social distancing was easily abandoned and a basic code of conduct was happily violated. Despite the chaos created, the states continued to collect revenues. Home delivery of alcohol was allowed in Maharashtra and e-tokens were sold in Delhi.
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Demand for liquor is inelastic which means that
the sale of alcohol is not much responsive to change in prices.
In general, since alcohol policy is a state subject in India, revenue from Liquor is a cash cow for state governments. In 2018 and 2019, four states collectively collected about 20,000 crores in taxes from the sale of liquor. As much as the state earns from the sale of Liquor it is undoubtedly, a threat to the Economy. Consumption of alcohol has dire health consequences. When a person consumes an alcoholic beverage, there is a rise in BAC because of which there is a gradual and progressive loss of driving ability because of an increase in reaction time, overconfidence, degraded muscle coordination, impaired concentration, and decreased auditory and visual acuity. This is known as drunken driving. (V. M. Anantha Eashwar, 2020) Drunken driving is the third biggest cause of road accidents and over speeding in India. Road accidents are not it; alcoholism causes sleep problems, heart, and liver issues. Also, it is not about an individual’s life, it ruins the lives of all people concerned.
Addiction also causes economic loss. In 2000, Vivek Benegal and his team assessed 113 patients admitted to a special de-addiction service for alcohol dependence. They found that
the average individual earned a mean of ₹1,661 but
spent ₹1,938 per month on alcohol, incurring high debt.
They also found that 95% did not work for about 14 days in a month. They concluded that it led to a loss of ₹13,823 per person per year in terms of foregone productivity. A more recent study, Health Impact and Economic Burden of Alcohol Consumption in India, led by Gaurav Jyani, concluded that alcohol-attributable deaths would lead to a loss of 258 million life-years between 2011 and 2050. The study placed the economic burden on the health system at $48.11 billion, and the societal burden (including health costs, productivity loss, and so on) at $1,867 billion. “This amounts to an average loss of 1.45% of the gross domestic product (GDP) per year to the Indian economy,” the study said. (Mint, 2020)
Setho ka Gaon

With each passing day, the ‘curtain of separation’ weighs down on the women of Afghanistan, paving the way for tyranny to thrive.
Arth


The Equilibrium That Never Was
The average day of a college student begins roughly at the same time as their school counterparts. With long hours of travel and a fledgling DMRC, snoozing the morning alarm isn’t exactly an option. When they see the LED indicator in red showcasing the rising population of the capital city at the gate of Institute of Economic Growth (currently at 32,066,000), they realize why they did not seem to have any personal space on the metros. The students do not mind space as much as the rising costs of their transit. With no relaxation or passes for college students, almost half the revenue of DMRC must be a direct result of our expenditure.
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Coupled with that is the rising rickshaw fare. They saw it rise from ten rupees to fifteen and twenty doesn’t seem too far away. This led to a change of heart and many students resorted to walking from the Vishwavidyalaya Metro Station to their colleges in North Campus. Maybe the rise in fare could be considered an initiative for public health and wellness (albeit indirectly).
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The satisfaction derived from their successive lectures rightly follows the law of diminishing marginal utility. The opportunity cost of maintaining a good attendance includes but is not limited to: declining physical and mental health, exhaustion, loss of internship opportunities, loss of industry courses that they could have undertaken and the least important of all, their sanity. Objectively speaking, the opportunity costs seem pretty high. As if that was not enough, the universities seem to be following a ‘Great Depression’ Model', with a horizontal Aggregate Supply (AS) Curve of lecturers and professors. In such a scenario, the education market does not seem to be reaching equilibrium anytime soon.
While we are discussing a holistic university experience, how can we ignore the topic of food? College students are talented enough to sniff out the places that peddle cheap food. Yet the rising costs are burning a hole in their pockets. It is well known that luxuries do not essentially follow the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility. Food, at the moment gives greater utility with each unit consumed and is a luxury in itself. The question is, ‘To eat or not to eat.’
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The university recently released the tentative calendar. Given that these students gave exams last month itself, with a negligible semester break, the trauma is not something they are ready for. But then the impending realization hits them. The semester has been cut short to 3 months, essentially meaning that they need to increase their Average Study Hours per Day or increase their probability of flunking. The latter seems more likely.
To maintain a strong economy and to inch closer to equilibrium, any economic policy aims to achieve certain goals such as stable prices, increase in employment rates and economic growth amongst others. Students currently also wish to formulate a policy to achieve mental stability, increase in grades and academic and personal growth. But whether this policy will be fruitful considering the extraneous variables, is a discussion for another day.
Ananya Dubey
Senior Editor, Editorial Board
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